United Nations Charter (1945)
Citation: First
and signature pages of the United Nations Charter; June 26, 1945;
General Records of the United States Government, 1778-1992; Record Group
11; National Archives.
How to use citation info.
(on Archives.gov)
How to use citation info.
(on Archives.gov)
The name United Nations originated with President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
in 1941 when he described the countries fighting against the Axis in World War
II. FDR’s “Four Freedoms” also made their way into
the resulting charter of the United Nations Organization in 1945. The name was
first used officially on January 1, 1942, when 26 states joined in the Declaration
by the United Nations, pledging to continue their joint war effort and not to
make peace separately. The United Nations was established after World War II
in an attempt to maintain international peace and security and to achieve cooperation
among nations on economic, social and humanitarian problem. Its forerunner was
the League of Nations, an organization conceived
under similar circumstances during the First World War and established in 1919
under the Treaty of Versailles "to promote international cooperation and
to achieve peace and security." The League of Nations, however, ceased
its activities after it failed to prevent the Second World War.
The need for an international organization to replace the League of Nations was first stated officially on October 30, 1943, in the Moscow Declaration issued by China, Great Britain, the United States, and the USSR. At the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in 1944, those four countries drafted specific proposals for a charter for the new organization. Later, at the Yalta Conference, in February of 1945, further agreement was reached on the framework and structure of the organization. Later that year, representatives of 50 nations attended the founding conference in San Francisco, where they drafted and later signed the UN charter. The required number of nations ratified the charter on October 24, 1945 (officially United Nations Day).
As outlined in the charter, the two main bodies of the United Nations are the General Assembly, composed of all member nations, and the Security Council. The Council consists of the five victors from World War II (known as “The Big Five”) as permanent members—China, France, the United Kingdom, the USSR (now Russia), and the United States—and 10 other countries, elected by the General Assembly, that serve 2-year terms. The Security Council is the principal UN organ responsible for ensuring peace, and its decisions are binding on all member states. The five permanent members were given individual veto power over issues brought before the Council. Other special agencies like the WHO (World Health Organization), UNICEF (UN International Children's Emergency Fund), UNESCO (UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization), and the World Bank provide needed help across the world and have improved the lives of millions. Today, nearly 200 nations are members of the United Nations.
For more information visit The United Nations.
https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/ctc/uncharter.pdf
The need for an international organization to replace the League of Nations was first stated officially on October 30, 1943, in the Moscow Declaration issued by China, Great Britain, the United States, and the USSR. At the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in 1944, those four countries drafted specific proposals for a charter for the new organization. Later, at the Yalta Conference, in February of 1945, further agreement was reached on the framework and structure of the organization. Later that year, representatives of 50 nations attended the founding conference in San Francisco, where they drafted and later signed the UN charter. The required number of nations ratified the charter on October 24, 1945 (officially United Nations Day).
As outlined in the charter, the two main bodies of the United Nations are the General Assembly, composed of all member nations, and the Security Council. The Council consists of the five victors from World War II (known as “The Big Five”) as permanent members—China, France, the United Kingdom, the USSR (now Russia), and the United States—and 10 other countries, elected by the General Assembly, that serve 2-year terms. The Security Council is the principal UN organ responsible for ensuring peace, and its decisions are binding on all member states. The five permanent members were given individual veto power over issues brought before the Council. Other special agencies like the WHO (World Health Organization), UNICEF (UN International Children's Emergency Fund), UNESCO (UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization), and the World Bank provide needed help across the world and have improved the lives of millions. Today, nearly 200 nations are members of the United Nations.
For more information visit The United Nations.
https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/ctc/uncharter.pdf
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